{"id":158,"date":"2024-01-23T19:02:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T18:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/?page_id=158"},"modified":"2024-01-24T20:35:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T19:35:45","slug":"cevy-zaklady","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/?page_id=158","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9vy – stavba a funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00e9vy jsou jak\u00fdmsi potrub\u00edm, kter\u00e9 rozv\u00e1d\u00ed krev<\/a> do ka\u017edi\u010dk\u00e9ho m\u00edsta na\u0161eho t\u011bla. Proch\u00e1zej\u00ed dokonce i nap\u0159\u00edklad v kostech, do kter\u00fdch maj\u00ed (jako do ostatn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed) doru\u010dit d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci organismu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V t\u011ble se c\u00e9vy vyskytuj\u00ed ve 3 variant\u00e1ch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se od sebe \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed stavbou a s n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi. Jsou to tepny<\/strong> (arterie), \u017e\u00edly<\/strong> (v\u00e9ny) a vl\u00e1se\u010dnice<\/strong> (kapil\u00e1ry). Tak\u00e9 jste si v\u017edycky mysleli, \u017ee c\u00e9vy ozna\u010den\u00e9 jako tepny vedou kysl\u00edk a \u017e\u00edly ne? Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f tomu tak je, ale nen\u00ed to krit\u00e9rium, podle kter\u00e9ho jsou tyto dva typy c\u00e9v definovan\u00e9. Poj\u010fme se tedy pod\u00edvat na jejich podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavbu a spole\u010dn\u011b si tak urovnat pojmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e9vy jsou tvo\u0159eny zpravdila 3 tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdmi strukturami:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. ENDOTEL<\/strong> – ploch\u00e9 bu\u0148ky tzv. v\u00fdstelkov\u00e9ho epitelu, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hladk\u00fd a nesm\u00e1\u010div\u00fd povrch nejvnit\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy c\u00e9v<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. ELASTICK\u00c1 VL\u00c1KNA <\/strong>a HLADK\u00c1 SVALOVINA<\/strong> – vrstva umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed regulaci krevn\u00edho pr\u016ftoku z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed c\u00e9v\u011b jej\u00ed pru\u017enost<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. VAZIVOV\u00dd OBAL<\/strong> – vazivov\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 s vysok\u00fdm obsahem kolagenov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed velkou pru\u017enost, z\u00e1rove\u0148 obsahuje nervy \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed hladkou svalovinu c\u00e9v<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Tepny<\/em><\/strong> neboli arterie<\/em><\/strong> jsou c\u00e9vy, kter\u00e9 vedou krev sm\u011brem od srdce<\/strong> do t\u011bla a\u017e po vl\u00e1se\u010dnice, jsou specifick\u00e9 silnou vrstvou hladk\u00e9 svaloviny spolu s elastick\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny. Lumen (neboli pr\u016fsvit), kter\u00fd je ozna\u010den\u00edm pro prostor, kudy krev c\u00e9vou proud\u00ed, je u tepen velmi mal\u00fd. Krev zde proud\u00ed velmi rychle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u017d\u00edly<\/em><\/strong> neboli v\u00e9ny<\/em><\/strong> jsou c\u00e9vy, kter\u00e9 odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed krev sm\u011brem do srdce<\/strong> z vl\u00e1se\u010dnic. Jejich st\u011bny maj\u00ed slabou vrstvu svaloviny. U doln\u00edch kon\u010detin se v \u017eil\u00e1ch vyskytuj\u00ed kapsovit\u00e9 chlopn\u011b zabra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9mu toku krve. Krev v nich proud\u00ed asi 1\/4 rychlosti v tepn\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00e1st\u011b\u010dn\u011b je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech krev v nich popoh\u00e1n\u011bna pracuj\u00edc\u00edm kostern\u00edm svalstvem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vl\u00e1se\u010dnice<\/em><\/strong> neboli kapil\u00e1ry<\/strong><\/em> jsou nejmen\u0161\u00edmi c\u00e9vami, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a plyn\u016f z krve do ostatn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed odpoadn\u00edch l\u00e1tek vznikl\u00fdch metabolick\u00fdmi procesy jednotliv\u00fdch bu\u0148ek. Spole\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed velice komplexn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 drobn\u00fdch trubi\u010dek o pr\u016fm\u011bru kolem 8 \u00b5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e9vy jsou jak\u00fdmsi potrub\u00edm, kter\u00e9 rozv\u00e1d\u00ed krev do ka\u017edi\u010dk\u00e9ho m\u00edsta na\u0161eho t\u011bla. Proch\u00e1zej\u00ed dokonce i nap\u0159\u00edklad v kostech, do kter\u00fdch maj\u00ed (jako do ostatn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed) doru\u010dit d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci organismu. V t\u011ble se c\u00e9vy vyskytuj\u00ed ve 3 variant\u00e1ch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se od sebe \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed stavbou a s n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi. Jsou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/158"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=158"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":196,"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/158\/revisions\/196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socbarhonova.tbw.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}